Bodylytics Lab · Research Programme
Nonverbal Communication Is Everywhere. The Data Isn’t.
Nonverbal communication decides sales, service, negotiations and interviews every day — yet almost everything we know about it comes from students judging posed photos in labs. Bodylytics Lab is building the missing field data, and using it to make training measurably better.The Lab exists to make every claim in a Bodylytics course defensible in front of a sceptical buyer.
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- Collecting field data
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What the Research Says
The short, honest version: what the evidence supports, where it has limits, and what is myth. Every source links to the study.
Well supported: what our courses are built on.
- First impressions form fastShort, silent clips of teachers predicted the ratings students gave them at the end of term. Ambady & Rosenthal, 1993 (opens in a new tab)
- Brief impressions predict real outcomesAcross 38 studies, judgements from under five minutes of behaviour predicted outcomes such as ratings and evaluations. Ambady & Rosenthal, 1992 (opens in a new tab)
- Reading people is a real skillAccuracy in judging others is modestly linked with better social functioning. Hall, Andrzejewski & Yopchick, 2009 (opens in a new tab)
- And it can be trainedAcross studies, training improved accuracy in judging others. Modest gains, but real. Blanch-Hartigan, Andrzejewski & Hill, 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- No single channel carries the messageWhether face, body or speech mattered most depended on the person and the situation being judged. Ekman et al., 1980 (opens in a new tab)
- Attention misses more than we thinkAbout half of people did not notice their conversation partner was swapped mid-conversation. Simons & Levin, 1998 (opens in a new tab)
- Feeling sure isn’t being rightAcross 18 samples, confidence in spotting lies was essentially unrelated to accuracy. DePaulo et al., 1997 (opens in a new tab)
- Most people rarely lieMost people reported telling no lie on a given day; a small group told most of the lies. Serota, Levine & Boster, 2010 (opens in a new tab)
- People differ in how expressive they areExpressiveness is a stable individual trait, which is why behaviour is read against the person, not a rulebook. Friedman et al., 1980 (opens in a new tab)
- Several cues beat oneAcross 144 samples, combinations of behaviours predicted deception far better than any single cue (statistical models, not human judges). Hartwig & Bond, 2014 (opens in a new tab)
- Context changes what a face meansThe same facial expression was read as a different emotion when placed on a different body or scene. Aviezer et al., 2008 (opens in a new tab)
- Context shapes perception automaticallyReview: people use context to read faces, largely without noticing they do. Barrett, Mesquita & Gendron, 2011 (opens in a new tab)
- The body says what the face cannotAt peak intensity, people told wins from losses by the body, but not by the face alone. Aviezer, Trope & Todorov, 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- Display rules vary by cultureWhat people show, and to whom, differed between cultures, in-groups and status levels. Matsumoto, 1990 (opens in a new tab)
- Some expressions are inbornAthletes blind from birth made the same spontaneous expressions as sighted athletes when they won and lost. Matsumoto & Willingham, 2009 (opens in a new tab)
- Pride and shame have a postureBlind athletes from many countries showed the same arms-up victory and slumped defeat displays. Tracy & Matsumoto, 2008 (opens in a new tab)
- The brain polices personal spaceA patient with amygdala damage lost her sense of personal space. Kennedy et al., 2009 (opens in a new tab)
- Threat shows up in the bodyUnder threat, people freeze much as other animals do: heart rate slows and movement drops. Roelofs, 2017 (opens in a new tab)
- Movement falls into known typesEmblems, illustrators, emotion displays, conversation regulators and self-touch adaptors. Ekman & Friesen, 1969 (opens in a new tab)
- Gesture helps people thinkGestures carry information speech leaves out, and help speakers explain and learners learn. Goldin-Meadow & Alibali, 2013 (opens in a new tab)
- Looking away helps people thinkGaze aversion rose with question difficulty, face to face and over video. A broken gaze can mean concentration. Doherty-Sneddon & Phelps, 2005 (opens in a new tab)
- Looking away frees the mindAdults looked away more as questions got harder, and doing so improved their answers. Glenberg, Schroeder & Robertson, 1998 (opens in a new tab)
- Gesturing lightens the loadPeople who gestured while explaining remembered more of a separate task. Goldin-Meadow et al., 2001 (opens in a new tab)
- Gesture helps listeners understandAcross 63 samples, gestures gave listeners a moderate comprehension benefit. Hostetter, 2011 (opens in a new tab)
- Lean and eye contact read as warmthEye contact, forward lean and smiling were read as intimacy and trust; leaning back as detachment. Burgoon et al., 1984 (opens in a new tab)
- Tone of voice carries weightSurgeons’ tone in routine visits was associated with their history of malpractice claims. Ambady et al., 2002 (opens in a new tab)
- Conversation runs on split-second timingIn ten languages, speakers avoided overlap and kept gaps short, with averages close across cultures. Stivers et al., 2009 (opens in a new tab)
- Gaze helps decide who speaks nextSpeakers’ gaze shifts were coordinated with the ends and starts of turns. Kendon, 1967 (opens in a new tab)
- Video calls disrupt that rhythmConversations over Zoom had longer gaps between turns and fewer speaker changes than in person. Boland et al., 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- Lag gets blamed on the personWith transmission delay, people rated the far-end speaker as less attentive and less friendly. Schoenenberg, Raake & Koeppe, 2014 (opens in a new tab)
- Latency trips up turn-taking on videoIn NHS video consultations, delay disrupted turn-taking, usually unnoticed until it caused trouble. Seuren et al., 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- Poor audio lowers credibilityThe same talk with poorer sound led listeners to rate the speaker and their research lower. Newman & Schwarz, 2018 (opens in a new tab)
- Eyes hand over the turnSpeakers ended turns looking at the listener; listeners began speaking while looking away. Ho, Foulsham & Kingstone, 2015 (opens in a new tab)
- Listeners shape the speakerWhen listeners were distracted and nodded less, narrators told their stories worse. Bavelas, Coates & Johnson, 2000 (opens in a new tab)
- A long pause often precedes a noRejections clearly outnumbered acceptances only after gaps of around 700 ms or more. Kendrick & Torreira, 2015 (opens in a new tab)
- Silence before “yes” weakens itThe longer the pause before “yeah” or “sure”, the less willing the speaker sounded. Roberts, Francis & Morgan, 2006 (opens in a new tab)
- Camera placement decides eye contactPeople were far less sensitive to gaze aimed just below their eyes than to the side or above. Put the camera just above the face you are looking at. Chen, 2002 (opens in a new tab)
- Camera distance changes trustFaces photographed from close range were rated less trustworthy, competent and attractive. Bryan, Perona & Adolphs, 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- Your background is judgedPlants and bookcases drew the highest trust and competence ratings on Zoom; a blurred home background raised them. Cook, Thompson & Ross, 2023 (opens in a new tab)
- Looking while speaking reads as powerPeople who looked more while speaking than while listening were judged more powerful. Dovidio & Ellyson, 1982 (opens in a new tab)
- Looking into the lens builds rapportIn a preregistered study of thousands of ratings, lens gaze raised likeability and presence; a low camera angle was rated worse. Fauville et al., 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- Offset gaze can be learnedVideo users learned to read a slightly offset gaze as “looking at me”. Grayson & Monk, 2003 (opens in a new tab)
- Cameras on all day are tiringIn a four-week field experiment, camera-on days raised fatigue and lowered voice in meetings, most for women and newer staff. Shockley et al., 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- Seeing yourself on screen drains youIn 9,787 people, mirror anxiety, feeling trapped and constant close-up gaze were linked to video-call fatigue. Fauville et al., 2023 (opens in a new tab)
- Self-view explains who tires mostHigher video-call fatigue among women and Asian participants was explained by dissatisfaction with their own face on screen. Ratan, Miller & Bailenson, 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- Belonging protects against meeting fatigueFeeling part of the group was linked to lower fatigue after video meetings. Bennett et al., 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- More meetings, more fatigueOn days with more meetings, people reported more fatigue and a heavier workload. Luong & Rogelberg, 2005 (opens in a new tab)
- Short breaks restore energyAcross 22 samples, micro-breaks raised vigour and reduced fatigue. Albulescu et al., 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- Agendas make meetings workUsing an agenda was among the strongest predictors of meetings people rated effective. Leach et al., 2009 (opens in a new tab)
- Safe teams speak upTeams with higher psychological safety spoke up and learned more. Edmondson, 1999 (opens in a new tab)
- Psychological safety pays offAcross 136 samples, psychological safety was linked to information sharing, engagement and performance. Frazier et al., 2017 (opens in a new tab)
- What is said in meetings predicts resultsIn 92 videotaped meetings, action-planning talk predicted team productivity. Kauffeld & Lehmann-Willenbrock, 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- Surveillance backfiresAcross 94 samples, monitoring brought no performance gain and more stress. Ravid et al., 2023 (opens in a new tab)
- Cameras off has ordinary reasonsStudents’ top reasons for cameras off were appearance, people or places in view and weak internet. Castelli & Sarvary, 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- Interviewers judge your nonverbal cuesVisual and vocal cues shifted interview ratings, and were linked to later job performance. DeGroot & Motowidlo, 1999 (opens in a new tab)
- Video interviews are scored lowerAcross studies, technology-mediated interviews drew lower ratings and less favourable applicant reactions. Blacksmith, Willford & Behrend, 2016 (opens in a new tab)
- The same answers rate lower on videoIdentical interview answers were rated lower over videoconference, partly through reduced social presence and eye contact. Basch et al., 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- Structure beats gut feelStructured interviews were among the most valid predictors of job performance; unstructured ones far less. Sackett et al., 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- What makes an interview structuredA review of the evidence on standard questions, rating scales and note-taking. Levashina et al., 2014 (opens in a new tab)
- Polish is not performanceImpression management lifted interview ratings far more than it predicted later job performance. Barrick, Shaffer & DeGrassi, 2009 (opens in a new tab)
- Ask, don’t accuseInformation-gathering interviews kept true confessions and reduced false ones compared with accusatory ones. Meissner et al., 2014 (opens in a new tab)
- Expectations change what you seeInterviewers who presumed guilt asked loaded questions, and observers then saw suspects as more defensive. Kassin, Goldstein & Savitsky, 2003 (opens in a new tab)
- Candidates dislike automated interviewsHighly automated interviews lowered applicants’ acceptance of the process. Langer, König & Papathanasiou, 2019 (opens in a new tab)
- Perspective-taking finds the dealNegotiators who took the other side’s perspective reached more deals; empathy alone did less. Galinsky et al., 2008 (opens in a new tab)
- Asking about interests paysNegotiators who sought information about the other side’s interests reached better joint outcomes. Thompson, 1991 (opens in a new tab)
- Anger lowers settlementIn online disputes, expressed anger made settlement less likely. Friedman et al., 2004 (opens in a new tab)
- Adapting to the buyer sellsAcross 155 samples, adaptive selling was linked to better sales performance. Franke & Park, 2006 (opens in a new tab)
- Listening drives sales resultsSalesperson listening was linked to stronger relationships and sales outcomes. Itani, Goad & Jaramillo, 2019 (opens in a new tab)
- Follow-up questions build likingPeople who asked more questions, especially follow-ups, were liked more. Huang et al., 2017 (opens in a new tab)
- AI interview scores are shakyAutomated video-interview personality scores showed mixed reliability and validity. Hickman et al., 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- Face analysis errs by skin and sexCommercial face classifiers erred far more on darker-skinned women than on lighter-skinned men. Buolamwini & Gebru, 2018 (opens in a new tab)
- Hiring AI vendors disclose littleA review of vendors found little public evidence of how their tools were validated. Raghavan et al., 2020 (opens in a new tab)
- People over-trust machine adviceReviews of automation bias: people follow automated advice even when it is wrong. Parasuraman & Manzey, 2010 (opens in a new tab)
- Automation bias is commonA systematic review found automation bias across settings, with known ways to reduce it. Goddard, Roudsari & Wyatt, 2012 (opens in a new tab)
Real, but with limits: where context matters.
- Emotion reading works across culturesAbove chance worldwide, but more accurate within your own culture. Elfenbein & Ambady, 2002 (opens in a new tab)
- A face is not a read-out of feelingsThe same expression can mean different things, so context comes before conclusions. Barrett et al., 2019 (opens in a new tab)
- Comfortable distance depends on cultureAcross 42 countries, preferred distances varied by country, gender and age. Hall’s zones are a guide, not a rule. Sorokowska et al., 2017 (opens in a new tab)
- Gestures don’t travelMany common hand gestures meant different things, or nothing, from one European place to the next. Morris et al., 1979 (book)
- Self-soothing tracks stressFace-touching and similar gestures are linked to how people regulate stress. Mohiyeddini, Bauer & Semple, 2013 (opens in a new tab)
- “Limbic” is shorthand, not a brain mapEmotion runs on several brain circuits, not one system. Stress shows pressure, not its cause. LeDoux, 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- Spotting expressions isn’t spotting liesA US audit found airport behaviour-detection screening had not been shown to work. US GAO, 2013 (GAO-14-159) (opens in a new tab)
- Seeing the other side helps some negotiationsVisual contact helped neutral negotiators, made no difference for cooperative ones and hurt hostile ones. Swaab et al., 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- Mirroring is fragile on screenCopying someone’s movements raised rapport in one virtual study but not in a pre-registered follow-up. Hale & Hamilton, 2016 (opens in a new tab)
- Zoom fatigue has a theory, not yet a proofFour proposed causes: close-up gaze, the effort of sending and reading cues, constant self-view and being stuck in frame. Bailenson, 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- Moving in sync builds rapport, a littleAcross studies, synchrony had small-to-medium effects on bonding, smaller when expectations were controlled. Mogan, Fischer & Bulbulia, 2017 (opens in a new tab)
- Mimicry helps negotiators, sometimesSubtle mimicry improved negotiation outcomes in the lab; a pre-registered virtual study found no rapport gain. Maddux, Mullen & Galinsky, 2008 (opens in a new tab)
Not supported: we don’t teach these.
- Reading lies from body languageAcross hundreds of studies, people caught lies about 54% of the time. Barely better than a coin flip. Bond & DePaulo, 2006 (opens in a new tab)
- Single “tells” like averted gazeMost proposed cues to deception were weakly linked to lying, or not at all. DePaulo et al., 2003 (opens in a new tab)
- Stress means someone is lyingHonest people show stress when doubted. Ekman called misreading it the “Othello error”. Ekman, 1985, Telling Lies (book)
- “Liars look up and to the right”No link found between the direction of eye movements and lying. Wiseman et al., 2012 (opens in a new tab)
- Power poses change your hormonesA large replication found no effect on testosterone or cortisol. Ranehill et al., 2015 (opens in a new tab)
- A fixed share of meaning is nonverbalThe famous percentages come from two narrow 1967 studies of single words and tone. Mehrabian & Wiener, 1967 (opens in a new tab)
- “Liars avoid eye contact” is universal folklorePeople in 75 countries believe liars avert their gaze. The research does not back it. Global Deception Research Team, 2006 (opens in a new tab)
- Micro-expression training catches liarsPeople trained with a micro-expression tool did no better than those given a placebo course. Jordan et al., 2019 (opens in a new tab)
- A trustworthy face means a trustworthy personPeople agreed on who looked trustworthy, but those looks did not predict how people behaved. Rule et al., 2013 (opens in a new tab)
- You can spot a deepfake by lookingPeople could not reliably detect deepfake videos, leaned towards “real” and overrated their skill. Köbis, Doležalová & Soraperra, 2021 (opens in a new tab)
- You can tell an AI face from a real oneAI-generated faces were indistinguishable from real ones and rated more trustworthy. Nightingale & Farid, 2022 (opens in a new tab)
- Each emotion has a bodily fingerprintAcross studies, no consistent physiological pattern reliably distinguished emotion categories. Siegel et al., 2018 (opens in a new tab)
What that means for training. We teach how your own nonverbal behaviour shapes the way you are judged, and how to treat a shift in someone else's behaviour as a prompt for a better question, never as a verdict. Think we've got something wrong? Tell us, and we'll correct it in public.
A Blind Spot Hiding in Plain Sight
The classic laboratory finding is humbling: people detect deception at barely better than chance, while feeling confident they’re good at it. How that plays out in a hotel lobby, on a shop floor, or across a negotiation table — with professionals, in real time, under pressure — has hardly been studied at all. Three gaps keep the field blind:
● Students in labs ● Frontline professionals
Wrong People
Most published studies test university students. Police officers, judges and psychologists have been tested too, and do no better than students. Hotel staff, retail teams, salespeople and nurses, who read people for a living, are barely in the data at all.
Wrong Conditions
Posed photographs and untimed judgments, when real work means live interactions and split-second reads. Confidence is well studied and barely tracks accuracy; what is missing is speed, stakes and the setting people actually work in.
● One-shot studies — Measured over months
No Follow-Through
Training studies show modest, real gains, mostly measured once and in the lab. How long those gains last at work, and how fast they fade without practice, is largely unmeasured.
Why We’re Doing This
Awareness. Workplaces run on folklore — crossed arms, “liars look left”, gut feel. Publishing real numbers on what professionals actually see, miss and believe raises the level of the whole conversation about nonverbal skills at work.
Better training. Every finding flows straight back into our courses, live sessions and materials. If the data shows a myth persisting in hospitality, our hospitality content confronts it head-on. If a skill decays after 90 days, our follow-up practice targets exactly that window.
The research isn't a side project — it's the feedback loop that keeps the training honest and current.
The Claim Register
Every claim taught in a Bodylytics course goes through the register: what the evidence says, the verdict, and what happened to it in the curriculum. Claims that fail are removed — and we say so.
Extract · named sources · reviewed quarterly
Showing 6 of 6 claims
What We Study
Every course, assessment and live training uses established measurement paradigms — emotion recognition, rapid-judgment accuracy, balanced truth/lie base rates — so results are comparable with the published literature. What the lab can’t produce is our population: frontline professionals answering in a work context, with response-time precision and follow-up over months.
How the Data Is Collected
Three sources feed the programme — always reported separately — and everything passes through one anonymization barrier before it can be analysed or published.
Free quiz takers
Anonymous answers and response times. No account, name, email or IP — a random identifier ties one attempt together, nothing more. Industry optional, self-declared.
Academy learners
Quiz and assessment responses — correctness, confidence, response time, cues relied on — plus an optional questionnaire recorded in bands, never free text. Opting out takes one click and never affects scores, certificates or pricing.
Team-training delegates
Before-and-after benchmarks. Employers see group aggregates only — never an individual delegate’s score — and every delegate is told exactly that before the first question. People answer honestly when the result can’t follow them into a performance review.
Anonymization barrier
Names, emails and account IDs are replaced by a salted one-way hash that cannot be reversed. The salt exists only inside the research database. Opted-out users are excluded entirely.
Published aggregates
Aggregates only, never any group smaller than 20 participants (k ≥ 20 suppression) — reported openly as industry field data, not population-representative research.
How Our Tests Are Built
A score is only worth what the test behind it can defend. Every BodyLytics assessment is built and maintained under six measurement rules:
One skill per question
Each item tests a single, nameable judgment — no double-barreled questions, no trick wording, and wrong answers that are plausible rather than jokes.
Graded on the server
Answers are scored centrally, so a score can’t be manufactured — which is what makes the dataset, and every certificate built on it, worth anything.
Parallel before/after forms
The post-training test uses different questions of matched difficulty, so improvement measures skill — not memory of the first test. Per-answer feedback is withheld between sittings.
Enough questions to mean something
Every skill dimension is measured by multiple items per sitting — a subscale built on one or two questions is noise wearing a number.
Speed and confidence measured
Response times screen out click-throughs; self-rated confidence is compared against measured accuracy — the gap between the two is one of the most consistent findings in the deception literature.
Versioned, piloted, pruned
Live questions are never silently edited — changes create a new version, so results stay comparable. New banks are piloted first, and item statistics retire questions that fail to discriminate.
The Rules We Publish Under
No Invented Statistics
The famous claim that “93% of communication is nonverbal” is a misreading of two narrow 1967 studies — you will not find it in our materials, marketing or findings. If we cite a number, it comes from our own dataset or a named, checkable source.
No Numbers Before the Sample Earns Them
Percentile comparisons stay hidden until enough real results exist to make them honest. No group smaller than 20 people is ever reported. We’d rather show you nothing than a number we can’t stand behind.
Selection Bias, Disclosed
People who take a body-language test are not a random sample of humanity, and we never pretend otherwise. Every publication states who the sample is, how they got there, and what that means for reading the result.
Corrections, in Public
If an error is found in something we published, we correct the publication itself and say what changed and why — not quietly swap the page. Challenges to our methodology get answered, not deleted.
What We Never Share
Transparency has edges, and it’s only fair to say where ours are — and why.
Individual results
Your score belongs to you. Employers, clients and publications only ever see aggregates that clear the k ≥ 20 rule.
Identities
Research analysis runs on one-way pseudonyms. There is no “de-anonymize” button, by design.
Question banks & answer keys
A published test is a dead test — the same reason standardised assessments everywhere keep their items confidential. We publish how tests are built, not the questions.
Client-identifiable results
A client’s benchmark outcomes are theirs; they appear in research only inside industry-level aggregates, never attributably, unless the client asks to be named.
What This Research Is — and Isn’t
BodyLytics is a commercial training company doing field research, not a university department. We don't claim institutional ethics-board approval, and we don't dress industry data up as academic peer review. Instead, the entire method is published on this page — collection, anonymization, thresholds, test construction, and the limits of our sample — so anyone, including academics and journalists, can scrutinise the work on its merits. Bona fide researchers who want aggregate data are welcome to ask; requests are considered case by case, under the same anonymization rules.
Security note: rate limits and integrity checks protect the assessments against automated abuse. We don't publish their exact mechanics, for the obvious reason.
Taking Part
Academy members can manage participation — and fill in the optional questionnaire — any time from the Research tab in Account Settings. Questions about the programme, methodology, or press enquiries:
First publications planned once the dataset clears our minimum-group thresholds.
The BodyLanguage IQ App Is Coming
Practise reads, track your accuracy and keep skills sharp between sessions. Store listings open when the app ships.